एक चियान उपन्यास को बिश्लेशेन

@मदन पौडेल

n]vsLo b[li6sf]0f

jt{dfg ;dodf ;flxTosf] kl/efiffnfO{ cf–cfkm\gf] 9·n] lbg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . ;+:s[tsf] ‘;lxt’ af6 ag]sf] ;flxTo zAbn] ;xefj cyf{t\ ;lxt;Fu x'g] efj a'emfpF5 . ;flxTodf zAb / cy{sf] ldng x'G5, efj / ljrf/sf] ;lDdng x'G5, sNkgf / cleJolQmsf] ;+of]u x'G5 h;n] ;dfhsf ljljw /x/nfUbf sx/nfUbf ljifoj:t'nfO{ ;d]6]sf] x'G5 . To;}n] o;nfO{ ;dfhsf] P]gf klg eGg] ul/G5 . ;dfhsf] P]gfsf] ¿kdf ;flxTonfO{ a'lemG5 eg] ;dfnf]rgfnfO{ ;flxTosf] P]gfsf ¿kdf a'em\g] ul/G5 . x/]s ;flxlTos s[ltsf] cfkm\gf] d"No, zlQm / ;Ldf /x]sf x'G5g\ . s[ltdf cfPsf kIfx¿nfO{ ts{o'Qm k/LIf0f, d"Nof°g, ;Tofkg u/L aflx/ Nofpg] sfd ul/G5 h;nfO{ ;dfnf]rgf eGg] ul/G5 . ;dfnf]rgfsf dfWodaf6 s[lt leqsf] j:t' tYo klxrfg u/]sf] cj:yfdf kf7sx¿nfO{ k7gaf]wdf yk ;xh x'g] ub{5 . o;}nfO{ dWo]gh/ ub}{ ‘Ps lrxfg’ pkGof;sf] oxfF ljZn]if0f ug]{ k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . p;f] t o; pkGof;sf] klxnf] ;+:s/0f -@)!&_ xf] . kl5Nnf] ;dodf pRr dfWoflds lzIff kl/ifb\n] sIff !! sf] clgjfo{ g]kfnL gofF kf7\oqmd -@)^&_ df of] pkGof;nfO{ ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 . kl5Nnf] ;+:s/0f -@)^&_ df k|sflzt of] pkGof; klxnf] ;+:s/0fsf] h:tf] k"0f{ ¿kdf x'ax' gcfO{ s]xL c+z s6f}tL u/L ;+lIfKt agfOPsf] 5 . ;h{sk|lt ;Ddfg ub}{ ;+lIfKt agfP/ n]lvPsf] elgP klg s[ltsf] df}lnstfdf 7]; nfu]sf] eg] cjZo b]lvG5 . oBlk kl5Nnf] r/0fdf k|sflzt pkGof;sf] j:t'tYonfO{ ljZn]if0f ug]{ k|of; ul/Psf] 5 h;n] ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ dfq geO{ :jtGq ¿kdf cWoog ug{ rfxg] cWo]tftnfO{ klg ;xof]u ldNg] ck]Iff d}n] lnPsf] 5' .

ljifo k|j]zM

       ¿keGbf j:t'nfO{ JolQmeGbf ;dfhnfO{ dxŒj lbFb} n]Vg] pkGof;sf/ XborGb|l;+x k|wfg -!(&@–@)!^_ n] g]kfnL ;flxTosf] kmfF6df pkGof;sf] cltl/Qm Psf°L, lgaGw, syf, ;dfnf]rgf, Jofs/0fh:tf ljleGg ljwfx¿df snd rnfPsf] kfOG5 . k|wfg g]kfnL cfVofg tyf ;du| ;flxTosf] pGgogdf Ps :yflkt JolQmTjsf ¿kdf lrlgG5g\ . ‘:jf:gLdfG5]’ -@)!!_ pkGof;dfkm{t cfw'lgs g]kfnL pkGof;df d"n ¿kdf cfnf]rgfTds wf/f leœofpg ;kmn dflgG5g\ . k|wfgn] ;dfhdf b]lvPsf cGwljZjf;, zf]if0f, s'/LltnfO{ Ps lrxfg pkGof;dfkm{t kl/jt{gsf] cfÞjfg u/]sf 5g\ . bf];|f] tyf clGtd pkGof;sf] ¿kdf cfPsf] Ps lrxfg pkGof;sf] ljZn]if0f qmdzM tn ul/Psf] 5 .

!= syfgs

       pkGof; lgdf{0fdf syfgssf] dxŒjk"0f{ :yfg x'G5 . syfgsdf syf jf 36gf x'G5 . 36gf eg]sf] To:tf] sfo{Jofkf/ xf] h;df cfsl:dstf / c;fwf/0ftfsf] tŒj /xG5 . o;n] efjsdf pT;'stf s't"xntf ;+zo hufpF5 . o:tf 36gfx¿sf] sfo{sf/0f of]hgfnfO{ syfgs elgG5 . syfgs pkGof;sf] z/L/ xf] . ;'Gb/ ;'ul7t z/L/ ePsf] JolQmTj h;/L k|efjzfnL / cfsif{s x'G5 clg k|yd bz{gd} dflg; df]lxt aGb5 / p;sf] sfo{snfk / ljrf/sf] kl/ro kfPkl5 ´g\ k|efljt x'G5 To;/L g} kf7snfO{ ;aeGbf klxnf] cfsif{0f ug]{ tŒj eg]s} syfgs xf] .

        pkGof;sf] ljifoj:t' Ps ul/a kl/jf/sf] ls;fgsf] hLjgdf cfOk/]sf ljljw ;d:of / ljklQdf cflw/t 5 . pkGof;sf] ljifonfO{ #! kl/R5]bdf ljeQm u/L k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . l8dfO ;fOhsf] hDdf !)& k[i7df ;+/lrt ‘Ps lrxfg’ n3' cfsf/sf] pkGof;sf] ¿kdf b]lvG5 . pkfGof;df ci6 gf/fgsf] kl/jf/sf] ;+3if{k"0f{ hLjgofkg tyf lbgrof{nfO{ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . hLjgdf ;Gtfg kfP/ klg ;Gtfgk|lt pQ/bfloTj lgjf{x ug{ g;s]sf] atfpg] a[4 ci6gf/0f lj/fdL eO{ cf]5\ofgdf kb{5 . ci6 gf/fgsf] pkrf/ tyf 3/sf] lhDd]jf/L 7"nf] 5f]/f] lzj gf/fgsf] sfFwdf cfpF5 . afa' ci6 gf/fgsf] OR5f g'xFbfgx'Fb} klg pkrf/sf lgldQ ;a} kl/jfsf ;b:ox¿ nfluk5{g . To;kl5 glhs}sf t'o' u'efh', j}B, slj/fh tyf gfdf]b 8fS6/ uf]bQk|;fbnfO{ pkrf/sf lglDt af]nfpF5g\ . olt x'Fbf klg gePkl5 ci6 gf/fgn] cfkm\gf] lqmofsf] nflu 5'§fPsf] ?=@% vr{ ubf{ klg la/fdL lgsf] geO{ d[To'j/0f ug{ k'Ub5g\ . 3/df /x]sf b'O{ efO k'g gf/fg / xif{ gf/fg, Ps alxgL gfgLys'F, cfdf ntdfof nufotsf] kl/jf/nfO{ ;~rfng ug]{ d'Vo bfloTj lzajgf/df ylkG5 . efO xif{ gf/fg, / alxgL gfgLys'Fsf], 3/hd ul/lbg', s[lif sd{af6 hLjg lgjf{x u/L elTsg nfu]sf] 3/nfO{ k'glgdf{0f ug'{ kg]{ bfloTjo;d]t lzj gf/fgdf ylkG5 . ls;fgx¿sf] hLjgdf gofF 3fd Nofpg] kIfdf lzj gf/fg ;+3if{k"0f{ ofqfdf /x]sf] 5 . p;n] cfkm" tyf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿nfO{ ldnfP/ s[lif sd{df v6fPsf] 5 . o:tf] ;+3if{df /x]sf] lzj gf/fgsf] kl/jf/sf] cj:yfnfO{ b]vL Tof] kl/jf/af6 :jfy{ n'6\g] u/L ;dfhsf ljleGg zf]ifs tyf ;fdGtL ju{sf JolQmx?sf] rnv]n a9]sf] 5 . 8fS6/ uf]bQn] gfgLys'Fsf] nfj0o ;f}Gbo{ b]v]/ p;nfO{ ef]Ugsf nflu s'l6n rfn /Rb5 . To;}sf] k|]dfhfndf efj's :jefjsL gfgLys'F km:b} uPsL 5 . efj's k|]ddf km;]sf] tyf gf/Lsf] jf:tljs cl:tTj n'l6g nfu]sf] yfxf kfP/ gfgLys'FnfO{ ;xLdf dfu{df Nofpg rfn]sf] /~hgf zdf{sf] plrt sbd klg oxfF lgs} dfld{s ?kdf cfPsf] 5 . To:t} u|fdL0f ;fdGtLsf ¿kdf /x]sf] tlN;ª ;'Aaf ;'/dfgn] gfgLys'FnfO{ k|fKt ug{sf nflu ljb]zL tfg l;Q}df lbg], ut jif{sf] afFsL /sd ldgfx ul/lbg] h:tf nf~5gf ;lxt cfkm\gf] dltof/ /fdaxfb'/nfO{ ntdfof ;dIf k7fpF5 . zf]if0fsf] WofpGgdf /x]sf o:tf zf]ifs / ;fdGtL ju{sf kfqsf] s'sd{n] syfgsdf ult k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . 3/sf] ;~rfngsf nflu xDd]xDd] kl//x]sf] cj:yfdf ci6 gf/fgsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:ox? cfkm"n] ;Sg] sfddf nflu/x]sf x'G5g\ . o;} qmddf tLg lbg;Ddsf] d';nwf/] jiff{;Fu} cfPsf] af9Ln] 3/ tyf a]+zL v]tsf] e'mk|f] aufO{ ci6 gf/fgsf] ;a} kl/jf/nfO{ Ps} lrxfg agfpF5 . oxL b'vt\ / sf?l0fs cj:yf g} pkGof;sf] s]Gb|Lo ljifo ag]sf] 5 .

        ‘Ps lrxfg’ pkGof;sf] syfgsLo 9fFrf /}lvs b]lvG5 . pkGof;sf] d"n >f]t ;fdflhs ;+/rgf / Joj:yfdf b]lvPsf ljleGg lsl;dsf zf]if0fsf ¿kx¿, ;fdflhs ljs[lt lj;·lt /x]sf 5g\ . pkGof;df gfgLys'Fsf] cfGtl/s åGå, /fdaxfb'/ / lzj gf/fg aLrsf] afÞo åGå klg cfPsf] 5 . ul/a ls;fgsf] kl;gfdf df]h ug{ rfxg]x¿sf] st't{ tyf ul/a ls;fgsf] ;+3if{af6 klg hLjg ;kmn x'g g;s]sf] efj pkGof;df pb\3fl6t ul/Psf] 5 .

@= rl/qlrq0f

       syfgsnfO{ cl3 a9fpg] dfgjLo jf dfgj]t/ k|f0fLnfO{ rl/q elgG5 . syfgssf] hLjGttf kfqsf] lqmofsnfkdf e/ kg]{ x'gfn] oL b'j}nfO{ 38L / Aof6«Lsf] ¿kdf lnOg] ul/G5 . pkGof;df dfgjLo jf dfgj]t/ h'g kfqsf] k|of]u u/] klg To;n] ;dfh / hLjgsf] k|ltlaDag u/]sf] x'g'kb{5 . pkGof;df rl/qlrq0f syfgfTds / gf6sLo b'j} z}nLdf ug]{ ul/G5 . ‘Ps lrxfg’ pkGof;df gf6sLo ¿kdfeGbf klg syfgfTds ¿kdf k|of]u ul/Psf] e]l6G5 . pkGof;df d"ntM lgDgjuL{o / ;fdGtL zf]ifs juf{sf kfqx¿sf] k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . pkGof;df jl0f{t ljljw kfqx¿dWo] s]xL d'Vo kfqx¿sf] ljZn]if0f lgDgfg';f/ ul/Psf] 5–

 lzj gf/fg

       ci6 gf/fgsf] h]7f] 5f]/f] lzj gf/fg pkGof;sf] k|d'v kfq xf] . afa'sf] lgwgkl5 3/kl/jf/sf] d'Vo lhDd]jf/L lnPsf] Ps sd{7, ldlxg]tL s[ifs xf] . ls;fg k[YjLsf] cGo k|f0fLsf nflu cGgbft ePsf], cfkm\gf] kl;gf aufP/ ;dfh / b]znfO{ kfNg], /ut lbP/ ;+:ff/nfO{ lhGbuL lbO/xg] TofuL k|f0fL -k[=*@_  7fGg] ci6 gf/fg s[ifs x'g'df uj{sf] dx;'; ub{5 . afa' ci6 gf/fgn] ;fdflhs /Lltl/jfh / ;+:sf/ cg'¿k OGsf/ u/]sf] bfgblIf0ff, eft et]/nfO{ k"0f{ ¿kdf nfu" ub}{ afa'sf] d[To' x'Fbf klg kfng ug]{ cfbz{ tyf k|ultzLn kfq xf] . 8fS6/ uf]bQ / tlN;ª ;'/dfg ;'Aafaf6 ePsf] PsfPs pbf/tf vt/gfs 5 -k[=#$_ egL To:tf] k|j[lQsf] n]vfhf]vf ug]{ ;r]t / :jfledfgL :jefjsf] kfq xf] . cfkm"n] lx;fa u/]sf] / lbg'kg]{ nut c?n] af]n]sf] e/df ;/sd/s ug'{x'Fb}g -k[=&@_ eGg] OdfGbf/, k|]d ug{ ;a}n] kfpg'k5{ t/ k|]dsf gfddf pR5[ª\vn / 5f8ftGq x'g'x'Fb}g -k[=&@_, cfkm\gf] hLjgsf] eljiosf] nflu ;'of]Uo j/ 5fGg kfpg] clwsf/ ;a}df x'G5, Tof] cfkm\gL alxgLn] klg u/f];\ eGg] rfxgf /fVg], efO xif{ gf/fgn] tfdfª\ hftsL s]6LnfO{ dgk/fPsf] s'/fnfO{ ;xh} :jLsf/ ub}{ ljjfx u/L 3/df leœofpg' -k[=(@_ ;fy} alxgLsf] d~h'/Lcg';f/ dw]; d"nsf] /fd v]nfjg /fpt;Fu ljjfx -k[=(*_ ul/lbg'n] k|]d / cGt/hftLo ljjfxk|ltsf] v'nf wf/0ff /xsf] k|ultzLn b]lvG5 . g]jf/, kj{t] / dw];L tLg hflt / ;+:s[lt ldl;P/ Ps x'Fb} uPdf g]kfn cem ;'Gb/ ljzfn x'g hfG5 -k[=(#_ eGg', bfOhf]sf ¿kdf 3/]n' ;fdu|L sf]bfnf], v's'/L, 6f]kL cflb lbg'n] p;df k|an /fli6«o efjgf / /fli6«o ;+:s[ltsf] hu]{gfk|lt lrGtgzLn JolQmTjsf ¿kdf lrlgG5 .

        ljBdfg ¿kdf klg JojfKt /x]sf] gj b'nxLnfO{ leœofpFbf ul/g] c:jfefljs lqmofsnfkk|lt cfklQ hgfpFb} pgLx¿nfO{ ul/g] o:tf :jfª / 9f]+u xf]Og a? nf]Ug] dflg;x¿n] xs, clwsf/ lbg ge'nf}+ -k[=(%_ eGg] lzj gf/fg gf/Lk|ltklg pbf/ b[li6sf]0f ePsf] kfqsf ¿kdf b]lvG5 .

        ;du|df lzj gf/fg ul/a ls;fg eP/ klg ls;fg x'g'df uj{ ug]{ k/Dkl/t s';+:sf/nfO{ tf]8\g rfxg] k|ultzLn, /fli6«otf / /fli6«o ;+:s[ltk|lt lrlGtt x'g] ;r]t, :jfeLdfgL, /fi6«jfbL, cfbz{jfbL, st{Jok/of0f ul/a ls;fgsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ juL{o cg's"n kfq xf] . pkGof;df o;sf] s]Gb|Lo e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 .

 8fS6/ uf]bQ

       pkGof;sf] k|d'v vn kfq xf] . tLgj6f 5f]/f5f]/Lsf afa' ePsf] k]zfn] ;/sf/L c:ktfndf sfd ug]{ 8fS6/ xf] . Xbodf bofsf] n]z;d]t gePsf] -k[=!!_, t/ gfgLys'Fsf] ;f}Gbo{ / efj e·uLn] cfslif{t eO{ ci6 gf/fgsf] pkrf/df hfg] tyf sfhlqmofsf nflu ;xh} C0f lbg] kljqkfkL -kljq jf0fL kfkL dg_ k|j[lQsf] kfq xf] . la/fdLsf] cj:yf lrGtfhgs x'Fbf cfn6fn ug]{ tyf pkrf/df hfg'eGbf klxNo} cfkm\gf] z'Ns lng] -k[=&_ gLr / ;ª\s'lrt dfgl;stfn] el/Psf] JolQm xf] . pd]/ 9NsFb} uPsf] skfndf hf}ltn kfls;s]sf] -k[=^$_ t/ v'6\lsn} lkR5] :jf:gL rflxg] -k[=%(_ ef]uljnf;L xf] . ;f]emL u|fdL0f o'jtLnfO{ d';'d';' xfF;Lsg dfofhfndf km;fpg] xF;df/f JolQm xf] . la/fdLsf] ;]jfdf bQlrQ x'gkg]{ 8fS6/L k]zfsf] dof{bfnfO{ pNnª\3g u/L la/fdL x]g]{ sf]7fdf o'jtLsf] of}jgnfO{ ;fw'sf] e]ifdf s[i0fnLnf ug]{ -k[=^!_ zf]ef, ;Eotf / nfh gePsf] JolQm xf] . cfkm\gf s/t'tnfO{ xfF;LxfF;L p8fpg], kltk/fo0f >LdtLnfO{ a]jf:tf ug]{ g}lts / rl/qxLg JolQm xf] . cfkm\gf] st{Jo -8\o'6L_ nfO{ ;s];Dd 5f]6\ofO{ gf/Lsf] ;f}Gbo{df cfglGbt x'g vf]Hg], gf/Lsf] gf/LTj g} sf]xL k'?ifnfO{ u|x0f ug'{ xf] -k[=()_ egL 7fGg], lagfsfddf csf{sf] 3/df uO/xg], ;dfh kl/jf/sf] 8/ gdfGg], g}ltstf, ;fdflhs dof{bf, k]zfut, JolQmut u'0f gePsf] rl/qxLg 3[l0ft / sfd's rl/qsf] kfq xf] . k]zfut dof{bfnfO{ Vofn gug]{ v/fa 8fS6/sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ vn kfq xf] . of] d'vdf /fd–/fd aunLdf 5'/f :jefjsf] JolQm xf] .

      

  gffgLys'F

       gfgLys'F ci6gf/sL 5f]/L, lzj gf/fg, k'g gf/fg / xif{ gf/fgLsf] alxgL xf] . ev{/} !& jif{df k|j]z u/]sL  of}jg k'li6P/ 9sds km'n]sL lgDgjuL{o ls;fg kl/jf/sL ;f]emL clzlIft o'jtL xf] . cg'xf/df ;f}Gbo{, r]x]/fdf lx;L k/]sL zfxHofbL -k[=(_ h:tL 5 . 8fS6/ uf]bQsf] b]vfj6L d':sfg / ;xof]uL efjgfaf6 k|efljt eO{ dg k/fpg', kl/jf/n] uf]bQsf] af/]df 6Lsf l6Kk0fL ubf{ g/fd|f] dfgL uDeL/tfk"j{s lng], p;sf] k|]ddf k]|dfKjlnt eO{ >4f, elQm, ljZjf; ug]{ -k[=@$_, uf]bQk|lt a9]sf] lxdlrdnfO{ kl/jf/n] ;xg g;sL ufnL ubf{ efj ljÞjn eO{ p;}sf] kf;df hfg] / ;f; eP;Dd klg g5f8\g] -k[=%^_ s'/f JoQm ug]{ efj's k|]ldsf xf] .

        8fS6/ uf]bQsf] jf:tljs b]vfj6L dfof dfq ePsf], tLg 5f]/f5f]/L tyf >LdtL ePsf] yfxfkfPkl5 8fS6/k|lt /x]sf] k|]dnfO{ TofUg ;Sg] -k[=*(_, :jf:gL dflg;sf] gfddf snlª\sgL x'g tyf gf/LTj lu/fpg grfxg], cfkm\gf] kl/jf/sf] dfof ddtf / lgb]{zgdf a:g], kl/jf/sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ v';L eO{ dw];d"nsf] /fdv]njfg /fpt;Fu ljjfx ug{ /fhL x'g] ultzLn, st{Jolgi7, rl/qjfg kfq xf] . ;'?df efj's :jefjsL gfgLys'F /~hgf zdf{af6 plrt ;Nnfx / ;'emfj kfO;s]kl5 cfkm\gf] Jojxf/ kl/jt{g ug]{ cg's"n, ul/a ls;fgsL ;f]emL 5f]/Lsf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ juL{o ;xofs kfq xf] .

 /~hgf zdf{

       pkGof;sf] ;Dk"0f{ efudf gcfPsL t/ aLr efudf cfP/ klg 36gf z[ª\vnfnfO{ gofF df]8 lbg ;kmn gf/L ;xfos kfqsf] ¿kdf /~hgf zdf{sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] 5 . zdf{ 8fS6/ uf]bQsL >LdtL, tLgj6f 5f]]/f5f]/LsL cfdfsf] ¿kdf;d]t lrlgPsL 5 . agf/; ljZjljBfnoaf6 cfO{=P= ;]s]08 O{P/;Dd k9]sL /~hgf b]jL -k[=^#_ lzlIft gf/L xf] . cfkm\gf] nf]Ug]sf] v/fa cfr/0fsf sf/0f km:g nfu]sL gfgLys'FnfO{ jf:tljs s'/f a'emfpg] ;t\ kfq xf] .  gf/L s'g} j:t' xf]Ogg\, gf/Ln] k|fs[lts ¿kdf k|fKt u/]sf] ;f}Gbo{ s;}sf nflu ef]ufpg geO{ oL ;a} u'0fx¿sf] cfkm\g} dxŒj /x]sf] -k[=^$_ egL 7fGg] /~hgf zdf{ x/]s dfgjsf] lxt ug{ g;s] klg gf/Lsf] uf}/j, cfTd;Ddfg, klxrfg e"ldsf tyf gf/L :jtGqtfsf] jsfnt u/]sL 5 . Ps gf/Ln] csf]{ k'?if;Fu af]n]sf] b]Vg grfxg] x}sdjfbL k'?if ;dfhnfO{ cfkm\gf] nf]Ug]n] kfOn} lkR5] :jf:gL -k[=%*_ /fVg rfx]sf] b'is[TonfO{ /·]xft kqmfpm u/L ;Dk"0f{ ef]ujfbL, sfd's k'?ifx¿nfO{ gª\Uofpg] sfd u/]sL 5 .

        ef}lts pGglt / ;'ljwfn] dflg;nfO{ aflx/L ;'v lbPklg jf:tljs ;'v gf/Lsf] rl/qdf lglxt x'gfn]     k[=%*_ gf/L xfF;]sf] 7fpFdf dfq k'?if xf:g ;Sg] ePsfn] gf/Lsf] d"NonfO{ 36fpg] sf]l;; ug'{ x'Fb}g, gf/Lsf] cl:tTj dxŒj / ul/dfnfO{ a9fpg' kb{5 eGg] ljrf/sL /~hgf b]jL gfgLys'FnfO{ xf};nf / k|]/0ff lbG5] . gf/L  cl:dtf, :jtGqtf, cfkm\gf] klxrfg tyf gf/L clwsf/sf] af/]df v'n]/ s'/f ug]{ cfFl6nL, ;fxl;nL, b[9lgZroL, st{Jok/fo0f, jfsk6'tf ePsL dfgj hfltsf] lxt ug{ rfxg] :jfefjsL b]lvG5] . pkGof;df /~hgf zdf{sf] pk:yfkgn] kf7snfO{ cem cf:jfB agfPsf] 5 .

        oL rl/qx¿afx]s ;dfhdf ljleGg afxgfdf td;'s agfO{ zf]if0f ug]{ -k[=@&_ tlN;ª ;'Aaf ;'/dfg, p;n] ¿kjtL gfgys'FnfO{ k|fKt ug{sf] nflu rfn]sf] s'l6n rfn, p;sf] dltof/ /fdaxfb'/ zf]ifs ju{sf k|lts"n  rl/q x'g\ . To:t} ci6fgf/gsf dflxnf 5f]/f k'g gf/fg, sfG5f] 5f]/f] xif{ gf/fg, ntdfof, lzj gf/fgsL >LdtL xfs'dfof tyf 5f]/f5f]/L, dflxnf tfdfª, p;sL 5f]/L k'tnL, /fdv]njfg /fpt, /f]kfOF ug{ cfpg] cGo >ldsx¿ nufotsf kfqx¿sf dfWodaf6 pkGof; oyfy{ / pT;'sdo eP/ cfPsf] b]lvG5 .

#= kl/j]z÷jftfj/0f

       cfVofgfTds s[ltsf kfqx¿n] sfo{ ug]{ jf 36\g] lglZrt :yfgnfO{ b]z, ;donfO{ sfn / ;du| cfGtl/s jf afÞo kl/j]znfO{ jftfj/0f elgG5 . s[ltdf 3l6t 36gfx¿ s'g} z"Go 7fpFdf 36\g 36\g ;Sb}gg\ . tL 36gf x'gfsf nflu s'g} :yfg, ;do tyf jftfj/0fn] e"ldsf v]nsf] x'G5 . h;n] syfj:t' / rl/qdf :jfefljstf / oyfy{tf k|bfg ub{5 . Ps lrxfg pkGof;df klg kl/j]zsf] oyf]lrt k|:t't u/]sf] kfOG5 .

        pkGof;df sfof{Jofkf/ ePsf jf 36gf 36]sf k|d'v :ynx¿df s7fdf8f}+ tyf ToxfF j/k/sf] 7fpF /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ci6 gf/fgsf] dlSsPsf]÷k'/fgf] 3/, 8fS6/ uf]bQsf] 3/, c:ktfn, wfg tyf cGo afnL ;+/If0fsf nflu a]+zL kmfF6sf] e'mk|f], tlN;ª ;'Aaf ;'/dfgsf] 3/, dfOnf tfdfªsf] 8]/f b]lv t/fO{sf] k|;· klg cfPsf] b]lvG5 .

        pkGof;df k|hftGqsf] :yfkgfsf nflu @))& ;fndf ePsf] hgljb|f]x -k[=(%_, ljleGg axfgfdf ul/a ls;fgx¿dfly nufOg] s/sf] Joj:yf, ls;fgsf b'Mv Joyf la;f{pg /f]kfOFdf d:t;Fu hfF8, /S;L vfO{ -k[=&%_ /dfpg] k|rng, u'l7of/ k|yf, eP/ geP/ klg cfkm\gf] hflt / ;dfhdf dbf{kbf{ bfg blIf0ff lbg], eft et]/ v'jfpg} kg]{] k|rng -k[=@#_, /f]uLx¿nfO{ ;s];Dd j}B tyf slj/fhaf6 pkrf/ u/fpg] k|rng -k[=#_, ljjfxdf gj b'nxLnfO{ ul/g] :jfut ;Tsf/, lxpFb tyf jiff{t\sf] ;donufot pkGof;sf ;du| afÞo kl/j]z x'g\ . pkGof; ;fdfGo kl/j]zaf6 hl6n x'Fb} cufl8 a9L sf?l0fs cj:yfdf k'uL 6'l·Psf] 5 . ;fy} pkGof;df gfgLys'F / 8fS6/ uf]bQ aLrsf] åGå Pj+ gfgLys'Fsf] dgf]åGå, tlN;ª ;'Aaf ;'/dfg / lzj gf/fg aLrsf] åGå klg cfPsf] 5 .

$= efiffz}nL

       ;flxTosf] dfWod efiff xf] . pkGof; uB ;flxlTos ljwf ePsfn] o;df uB efiffsf] pkof]u ul/G5 . uB efiff kB h:tf] s[lqd gx'g] ePsfn] pkGof;df hgaf]nL cg'¿ksf] efiff pko'Qm dflgG5 . cGo ljwfsf] t'ngfdf pkGof;n] hLjg / hut\sf] Jofks kIfnfO{ ;d]6\g] x'gfn] o;df eflifs ljrngsf] k|of]u klg ul/G5 . oBlk sljtfdf h:tf] eflifs ljrng eg] ul/Fb}g .

        cleJolQmsf] 9fFrfnfO{ g} z}nL elgg5 . z}nL n]vssf] ljzli6 ¿k xf] . z}nL ;flxlTos / eflifs u/L b'O{ k|sf/sf x'G5g\ . eflifs z}nL efiffsf] k|of]u / cleJolQmdf b]vf kb{5 . ;flxlTos z}nL s[ltsf] ;du| k|efj;Fu ;Da4 x'G5 .

       ‘Ps lrxfg’ pkGof;sf] efiff hgaf]nL cg'¿ksf] ;/n / ;xh 5 . pkGof;df 3l6t 36gfx¿sf] j0f{gfTds k|:t'lt /x]sf]  b]lvG5 . g]kfnL ;fdflhs ;+/rgf / Joj:yfsf lgDgjuL{o hLjg latfpg ljjz kl/jf/sf] hLjGt lrq0f ug]{ qmddf s]xL gª\s], dfrf5L, kmf]g], aLrfM p3f8 h:tf g]jf/L zAbx¿sf] k|of]u ePsf] kfOG5  . o:tf s]xL zAbx¿sf] k|of]u ePklg ;du|df pkGof;sf] efiff ;/n ;xh / Jofs/0f;Ddt 5 . pkGof;df k|of]u ePsf s]xL pvfg, t'Ssf / ;"lQmx¿nfO{ lgDgfg';f/ k|:t't ul/G5–

s]xL pvfgx¿

ærf}6f vfg uPsL a'9L emf]ndf k/]/ d/LÆ -k[=@^_, æg /x] afF; g ah] afF;'/LÆ -k[=#^_, æPs lt/n] b'O{ l;sf/Æ -k[=$^_, æh:tfnfO{ t:t} l9+8fnfO{ lg:t}Æ -k[=*$_

        k|:t't s[ltsf] csf]{ dxŒjk"0f{ kf6f] o;sf] k|:t'ltdf b]lvg] ;"lQmdotf xf] . ;"lQmx¿ oxfF ljleGg ;|f]taf6 cfPsf  5g\ / cfkm} lgdf{0f klg ul/Psf 5g\ . ltgdf k|r'/ cy{3gTj b]Vg ;lsG5 .

v                æc;f/ lau|of] eg] ls;fgsf] Ps jif{sf] ;f}efUo lau|G5Æ -k[=!#_

v                ærnfs dflg;sf] :jfy{ / w'Tof{OF c;n s'/fs} leq n's]sf] x'G5Æ -k[=#*_

v                æcfkm\gf] y}nLsf] ufF7f] alnof] kfg'{ ;fyLnfO{ bf]if gnufpg"Æ -k[=#(_

v                æ6fpsf] kmf]/]/ hf]ufO /fv]sf] OHht kfgL eP/ gkf]lvof];\Æ -k[=%(_

v                æa? Hofgdf/fb]lv 8/ 5}g, ;fx'df/fb]lv aRg ;lsG5 t/ d';'d';' xfF;Lsg latfpg] xF;df/fb]lv aRg ufx|f] 5Æ -k[=^!_

v                ækl;gfsf] kl/>d / alnbfgsf] gftfdf ;+:f/df ;aeGbf 7"nf] ls;fg xf]Æ -k[=*@_

s]xL ;flxlTo efiffsf] k|of]u ærsf]/n] rGb|df kfP em}+, rftsn] j[li6 kfP em}+ slj / sf]OnLn] j;Gt kfP em}+ cfglGbt x'nfÆ -k[=#)_ e]l6G5 .

%= p2]Zo÷hLjgbz{g

       s'g} klg ;h{ssf] /rgf p2]ZoljxLg x'Fb}g rfx] Tof] ‘snf snfsf] nflu’ eGg] xf];\ jf ‘snf ;h{ssf nflu’ eGg] ;h{s xf];\ . k"jL{ tyf kfZrfTo ;flxTosf ;dLIfsx¿n] z}lIfs, wfld{s, g}lts tyf cfgGb k|flKtnfO{ ;flxTosf] k|of]hg dfg]sf] kfOG5 . pkGof; klg s'g} g s'g} p2]Zo k"/f ug{sf nflu n]lvPsf] x'G5 . pkGof;sf/n] cfkm\gf] pkGof;åf/f kf7s ;fd' s:tf] ;Gb]z lbg rfxG5 . pkGof;sf] d'Vo ;d:ofx¿ s'g–s'g x'g\ tyf n]vsn] To;sf] ljj]rgf Pj+ ;dfwfg s'g 9·af6 u/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f ljrf/0fLo x'G5 . oxL+af6 g} pkGof;sf] p2]Zo klxrfg ug{ ;lsG5 .

       ‘Ps lrxfg’ pkGof;sf] ;ldi6ut cWoog u/L p2]Zo kIfnfO{ cfFsng ubf{ g]kfndf @))& ;fnsf] hgljb|f]x, To;kl5 k|fKt k|hftlGqs k4lt;Fu} ljsf; ePsf] k"FhLjfbL Joj:yfn] x'g] vfg] / x'Fbf vfg] ju{sf] ljsf; ePsf] b]lvG5 . k|hftGq cfPklg zf]ifs / zf]if0fsf ljleGg :j¿kx¿ b]vfk/]sf kfOG5g\ . ;dfhdf /x]sf zf]if0f, bdg, cTofrf/, s';+:sf/ tyf clxts/ kIfnfO{ cfnf]rgf ub}{ k|ultzLntf x'g vf]Hg' pkGof;sf] k|d'v p2]Zo b]lvG5 .

        pFef] nfUg glbP/ ult¿4 ug]{ ;dfhsf clxts/ sfo{x¿, b"lift tŒjx¿, cGwljZjf;, zf]if0f / ;fdflhs s'–k|yfx¿ cWoog u/]/ ltgLx¿sf] ljj]rgf, cfnf]rgf, ug]{ k|j[lQ ljz]ifnfO{ cfnf]rgf eGg] ul/G5 .

        pkGof; Pp6f sf7df8f}+sf] s'g} 7fpFdf a:g] ul/a ci6 gf/fgsf] kl/jf/sf] hLjgdf cfOk/]sf ljljw ;d:ofx¿ / tTsfnLg ;fdflhs kl/j]zaf6 p2]Zo lg¿k0f ug{ vf]lhPsf] 5 .

        la/fdL ci6 gf/fgsf] pkrf/df tNnLg kl/jf/sf] k|of; c;kmn x'g', d[To'kl5 bfx;+:sf/sf nflu u'l7of/x¿n] plrt Joj:yf ug{ g;Sg' a? d/]sf] rf/306f eO;Sof] cem;Dd s]xL ;'/;f/ ePsf] 5}g egL ems{Fb}, -k[=@)_, To:tf] ljklQ cfOk/]sf] a]nfdf /ldt] ag]/ x]g'{, b]vfj6L zf]s / ;dfj]bgf k|s6 ug]{x? cf]O{l/g' bfx;+:sf/sf gfddf  v/fa lgot /fvL ;xof]uL efj b]vfpFb} 8fS6/n] C0f lbg', dfgjLo ;+j]bgfnfO{ eGbf klxNo} k};fk|lt dl/t'No x'g,] k]zfut dof{bfnfO{ eGbf ef]u ljnf;nfO{ k|zo lbg], gf/Lsf] gf/LTj g} sf]xL k'?ifnfO{ u|x0f ug'{ xf] -k[=()_ egL pgLx¿sf] s'df/LTj n'6\g rfxg], lj/fdL hfFRg] sf]7fnfO{ x|f; nLnf agfpg rfxg] 8fS6/sf] gLr / 3[l0ft k|j[lQ , ;os8f klRr;sf] b/n] a9fO{ ul/a ls;fgdfly td;'s -k[=##_ ug]{ ;fdGtL ju{sf s'sd{x¿ tyf oL ofjt ;fdflhs ljb|"k kIfnfO{ ;s];Dd oxfF pl5tf] sf9\g] sfd ul/Psf] 5 . To:t} cl3kl5 gf/Lsf ;jfndf s]xL klg gaf]Ng], clwsf/L lbg klg jf:tf gug]{ t/ ljjfx ubf{ ul/g] c:jfefljs :jfutsf] :jfª\ / 9f]+uL k|j[lQnfO{ klg v/f] ¿kdf cfnf]rgf ul/Psf] 5 . To:t} /fli6«otf, /fli6«o ;+:s[ltsf] pTyfgsf] nflu cGt/hftLo ;DaGw x'g'kb{5, bfOhf] xf]Og To;sf] ;§f snf / ;+:s[lt hf]ufpg] vfnsf ;Lk lbg'kb{5 eGg] k|ultzLn efj klg pkGof;df cfPsf] 5 .

        Ps lrxfg pkGof;df kfOg] k|ToIf / Jofª\UofTds ¿kdf cfPsf ;fdflhs, s'/Llt, s';+:sf/, zf]ifs juf{sf] s'–sd{k|ltsf] cfnf]rgfTds s]xL sygx¿–

Ø           æu'efh';'efh' o:t} c? g} s;}nfO{ b]vfP klg t x'G5 lg Û ltgLx¿nfO{ b]vfPsf] eP lskmfot klg kYof]{, lkm; lbg' kb}{gYof] dnfO{ t lkm; lbg'k5{ .Æ -k[=&_

Ø           æXbodf n]z klg bof ePsf dflg; xf]Ogg\ cfh;Dd 6f]nsf sf]xL la/fdLnfO{ d'kmtdf x]l/lbPsf klg 5}gg\ .Æ    -k[=!!_

Ø           ædbf{ glhssf gftf, ;DaGwLx¿ /f]P/ aLrfM cfpg] k|yfnfO{ pgn] aGb ul/lbPsf lyP .Æ -k[=@$_

Ø           æ;os8f klRr;sf] b/n] a9fO{ td;'s n]vfP/ lng] bfgj cfh PsfPs s;/L b]jtf eP/ lg:Sof] .Æ-k[=##_

Ø           æ;Q/L xf]Og, ;f7L xf]Og ;GtfpGg jif{sf] eg]sf] t nf]Ug] dflg;sf nflu hjfgLs} cj:yf xf] .Æ -k[=$!_

Ø           æcsf{sf] 3/df sltlbg sfd g sfh cfO/xg]Æ -k[=%!_

Ø           æjif{ lbgdf kfOg] kGw| Sofh'on labfdf Ps Sofh'on klg lnPsf] 5}g . oxfF k'm;{bn] cfh d ltdLnfO{ dgel/ k"hf u?FnfÆ -k[=%&_

Ø           ætkfO{+sf] s:tf] afgL of], s] v'l8\sn} lkR5] :jf:gL rflxG5 <Æ -k[=%(_

Ø           æla/fdL x]/L 5f]/L dflg;x¿sf] ;]jf ug{sf lglDt tkfO{+ la/fdL sf]7f vf]n]/ al;/xg' ePsf] xf] ls ufnfdf  km'n]sf t?gLx¿ km;fpg hfnyfkL /xg' ePsf] xf] <Æ -k[=^)_

Ø           æxfdL :jf:gL dflg; s'g} nf]Ug] dflgsf] ef]usf lglDt hGd]sf jf l;h]{sf hLj xf]Ogf}+ .Æ -k[=^$_

Ø           æd}n] Ps–Ps ;'gL ;s]F tkfO{Fsf] od'gf t6df aHg] j+zLsf] w'g <Æ -k[=^*_

Ø           æafa' d/]sf] ^ dlxgf ePsf] 5}g p;sf] of] nLnf ÛÆ -k[=&!_

Ø           æ:jtGqtfsf] gfddf h;n] hf];Fu h:tf] klg k|]d u/]/ lx+8]sf] x]g{ rfxGgF .Æ -k[= &@_

Ø           æHofg yfk]/ csf{sL 5f]/La]6L kfOG5, t?gL :jf:gL kfOg5 eg] d klg Hofg yfk'Fnf .Æ -k[=&*_

Ø           æ;'/dfg ;'Aaf Pp6f w"t{, abdf; a]js"km x'g\ .Æ -k[=&(_

Ø           æ8f]nLdf xfnL NofP/ 9f]sfdf /f]sL cg]s :jfut ub}{df :jf:gL dflg;x¿n] xfd|f] ;dfhdf s] dfg, dof{bf / :yfg kfPsf 5g\ <Æ -k[=(%_

Ø           æls;fgsf ;Gtfgn] cf/fd ug'{ kfk xf] . z/L/df Ps yf]kf dfq /ut afFsL ePklg kl;gfsf] ¿kdf lgsfn]/ v]tnfO{ r9fpg' k5{ .Æ -k[=!)@_

        ;du|df s[ltdf cfnf]rgfTds kIf g} k|jn b]lvPsf] 5 . gf/LjfbL b[li6sf], cGt/hftLo ljjfxsf] :yfkgf,  /fli6«otf /fli6«o ;+:s[ltsf ;afndf s[ltn] k|ultzLn ljrfnfO{ dha't u/fpg] sfd u/]sf] 5 . olt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg  ljZj;dfhjfbL b[li6sf]0f / juL{o åGåsf] ;3gtf kfOFb]g . ul/a u'?jfdfly cfOk/]sf ljljw ;d:ofx¿ / pgLx¿dfly x'g] cfly{s, dfgl;s, zf/Ll/s zf]]if0fsf] ;s];Dd wHhL p8fpg' pkGof;sf] ceLi6 b]lvG5 .

^= zLif{s

       zLif{sn] s'g} klg s[lt leqsf] j:t'tYonfO{ ;ª\s]t ub{5 . zLif{s kfqn] v]n]sf] e"ldsfsf cfwf/df,  3l6t 36gfsf cfwf/df tyf kl/j]zsf cfwf/df /fVg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . zLif{s /fVbf clefwfTds, k|tLsfTds Pj+ Jofª\UofTds ¿kdf;d]t /fVg] ul/G5 . k|:t't pkgof;sf] ‘Ps lrxfg’df cfPsf ‘lrxfg’ zAbn] d/]sf] dfG5] uf8\g] 7fpF, d'bf{ hnfpg] 7fpFnfO{ hgfpF5 . pkGof; ci6 gf/fgfsf] kl/jf/ cfkm\gf] hLjLsf]kfh{gsf qmddf ;+3if{ ubf{ub}{ tLg lbgb]lv cla/n jiff{sf sf/0f a]+zL v]tdf /x]sf lzj gf/fg, pgsL >LdtL tyf b'O{ 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ af9L cfO{ aufP/ nu]sf] / csf]{tkm{ 3/df /x]sf ntdfof, xif{ gf/fg, k'g gf/fg, ;'GtnL nufotsf ;b:onfO{ af9Ln] 3/ aufpFbf 3/df lylrP/ ;a}sf] d[To' eO{ ;a}sf] Ps} lrxfg ePsf] b]vfO{ o;} 36gfsf cfwf/df pkGof;sf] zLif{s /flvPsf] 5 . zLif{sn] ul/a ls;fgx¿sf] ;+3if{nfO{ ;kmn x'g glbO{ lgoltn] ;d]t 7Ug]tkm{ ;ª\s]t ul/Psf] 5 .

&= lgisif{

        dflysf ljZn]if0fsf cfwf/df ‘Ps lrxfg’ pkGof;df lgDglnlvt lgisif{x¿ b]lvPsf 5g\ .

!=      of] Xb rGb| l;+xsf] bf];|f] tyf clGtd pkGof; xf] . o;sf] ;j{k|yd -@)!&_ df k|sfzg ePsf] b]lvG5 eg]       bf];|f] kl/dflh{t ¿k -@)^&_ df k|sfzg ePsf] b]lvG5 .

@=      of] d"ntM sf7df8f}+sf] ul/a Hofk" kl/jf/sf] ;d:of tyf lgoltdf s]lGb|t /x]klg ;du|df ul/a kl/jf/  sf] cj:yf / b'b{zfsf] emNsf] lbPsf] 5 .

#=      k|wfgsf] cl3Nnf] pkGof; ‘:jf:gLdfG5]’df b]lvPsf] cfnf]rgfTds wf/fsf] lg/Gt/tfdf cfPsf] b]lvG5 .         o;n] ;dfhdf b]lvPsf ljljw cfly{s, dfgl;s, zf/Ll/s zf]if0fsf cltl/Qm ?l9jfbL k/Dk/fnfO{ emNsfPsf] 5 .

$=      pkGof;n] u|fdL0f kl/j]z emlNsg] u/L eflifs njhx¿, ;fdflhs /xg;xg / ;+:s[ltnfO{ klg l6Kg] k|of; u/]sf] 5 .

%=      pkGof; 36gf lrq0fdfeGbf a9L JofVofTdstftkm{ s]lGb|t ePsf] 5 .

^=      pkGof;n] gf/L :jtGqtfsf] jsfnt, hfthfltx¿ aLrsf] Pstf, /fli6«otf, ;+:s[lt ;Da4{g, ls;fgx¿sf] sd{k|lt ;b\efj, cGt/hftLo ljjfxsf] :yfkgf / ;fdflhs c;·ltx¿nfO{ ;s];Dd cfn]rgf ug'{ pkGof;sf] ;an kIf b]lvG5 eg] 36gfnfO{ lrq0fdfeGbf JofVofdf hf]8 lbg', k|ultzLn ljrf/ /fv]/ klg lgoltdf nu]/ 6'ª\Uofpg' / k"0f{ ¿kdf k|ultzLn x'g g;Sg' pkGof;sf] sdhf]/ tyf b'a{n kIf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . 

;Gbe{u|Gy ;"rL

yfkf, lxdf+z', -@)^^_, ;flxTo kl/ro, t]=;+= sf7df8f}+ M ;f´f k|sfzg .

a/fn, s[i0fxl/ / g]q P6d -@)%*_, pkGof; l;4fGt / g]kfnL pkGof;, bf]=;+= nlntk'/ M ;f´f k|sfzg .

lqkf7L, jf;'b]j, -@)^%_, kfZrfTo ;dfnf]rgfsf] ;}4flGts k/Dkf/f efu–@, kf=;+= nlntk'/ M ;f´f k|sfzg .

k|wfg,XborGb|l;+x|, -@)^&_, Ps lrxfg, bf]=;+= sf7df8f}+ M ;f´f k|sfzg .   

zdf{, df]xg/fh -@)%%_, ;dsfnLg ;dfnf]rgf M l;4fGt / k|of]u sf7df8f}+ M g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fg .

;'j]bL,/fh]Gb|, -@)^$_, g]kfnL pkGof; M k/Dk/f / k|j[lQ, bf]=;+= sf7df8f}+ M ;f´f k|sfzg .